错综虚拟语气是指在虚拟语气中,根据不同的条件或假设,使用不同的虚拟语气形式。以下是对错综虚拟语气用法的归纳:
1. 条件句中的错综虚拟语气:
如果条件句中的条件与主句中的假设相反,则条件句使用一般过去时,主句使用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
如果条件句中的条件与主句中的假设相同,则条件句和主句都使用过去时或现在完成时。
如果条件句中的条件与主句中的假设既不相同也不相反,则条件句和主句都使用一般过去时。
例句:
If I had won the lottery, I would be rich now.(条件句与主句假设相同)
If I had won the lottery, I would have been rich now.(条件句与主句假设相同,使用现在完成时)
If I had won the lottery, I would be rich now.(条件句与主句假设相反)
If I had won the lottery, I would have been rich now.(条件句与主句假设相反,使用现在完成时)
2. 让步状语从句中的错综虚拟语气:
如果让步状语从句中的条件与主句中的假设相反,则从句使用一般过去时,主句使用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
如果让步状语从句中的条件与主句中的假设相同,则从句和主句都使用过去时或现在完成时。
例句:
Although I failed the exam, I would have passed if I had studied harder.(条件与假设相反)
Although I failed the exam, I would have passed if I had studied harder.(条件与假设相同)
3. 状语从句中的错综虚拟语气:
如果状语从句中的条件与主句中的假设相反,则从句使用一般过去时,主句使用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
如果状语从句中的条件与主句中的假设相同,则从句和主句都使用过去时或现在完成时。
例句:
If I had known about the traffic jam, I would have left earlier.(条件与假设相反)
If I had known about the traffic jam, I would have left earlier.(条件与假设相同)
总结:错综虚拟语气主要出现在条件句、让步状语从句和状语从句中,根据条件与假设的关系,使用不同的虚拟语气形式。