高中英语中的虚拟语态主要用于表示与事实相反或不太可能发生的情况,它通常用于以下几种结构中:
1. if 引导的条件状语从句:
与现在事实相反:从句用 "if + 主语 + were" 或 "if + 主语 + were to do",主句用 "should/would/could/might + 动词原形"。
例如:If I were you, I would not do that.
与过去事实相反:从句用 "if + 主语 + had done",主句用 "should/would/could/might + have done"。
例如:If I had known about it, I would have helped you.
与将来事实相反:从句用 "if + 主语 + were to do" 或 "if + 主语 + should do",主句用 "should/would/could/might + 动词原形"。
例如:If it should rain, we would cancel the trip.
2. without 引导的状语从句:
例如:Without your help, I wouldn't have finished the project on time.
3. 某些动词后的宾语从句:
例如:I wish I had never met him.(我希望我从未遇见过他。)
4. 某些固定搭配:
例如:It is high time that...(是时候...了),从句用 "should + 动词原形",should常省略。
例如:It is high time that we left.
5. 主语从句或同位语从句:
例如:The idea that he could do it alone surprised us all.(他一个人能做这件事的想法让我们所有人都感到惊讶。)
在构成虚拟语态时,需要注意的是:
当主句是 "should/would/could/might + 动词原形" 时,should可以省略。
当主句是 "It is/was + 形容词/过去分词" 时,从句用 "should + 动词原形",should也可以省略。
在非正式场合,尤其是在口语中,should有时可以完全省略。
希望这些信息能帮助你更好地理解和使用虚拟语态。