主谓一致就近原则与就远原则

主谓一致是指在句子中，主语和谓语动词在数（单数或复数）和人称（第一人称、第二人称、第三人称）上要保持一致。在英语中，主谓一致有以下几个原则：

1. 就近原则（Proximity Principle）

就近原则是指谓语动词的形式应与离它最近的主语保持一致。这个原则通常适用于以下情况：

当主语后面跟有with, together with, as well as, along with, except, but, including等短语时，谓语动词的形式应与短语前面的主语保持一致。

例如：

The teacher, together with his students, is going to the museum.

The girl, along with her brother, is reading a book.

2. 就远原则（Distance Principle）

就远原则是指谓语动词的形式应与离它最远的主语保持一致。这个原则通常适用于以下情况：

当主语后面跟有由and连接的并列主语时，谓语动词的形式应与最远的主语保持一致。

例如：

The teacher and his students are going to the museum.

The teacher, along with his students, is going to the museum.

就近原则和就远原则有时会产生冲突，此时应遵循就近原则。以下是一个例子：

The teacher and his students, together with the headmaster, are going to the museum.

The teacher and his students, together with the headmaster, is going to the museum.

在这个例子中，根据就近原则，谓语动词应与the teacher保持一致，因此正确的句子是：

The teacher and his students, together with the headmaster, are going to the museum.